| OLTP | OLAP | |
| Source of data | Operational data; OLTPs are the original source of the data | Consolidation data; OLAP data comes from the various OLTP Databases |
| Purpose of data | To control and run fundamental business tasks | To help with planning, problem solving, and decision support |
| What the data | Reveals a snapshot of ongoing business processes | Multi-dimensional views of various kinds of business activities |
| Inserts and Updates | Short and fast inserts and updates initiated by end users | Periodic long-running batch jobs refresh the data |
| Processing Speed | Typically very fast | Depends on the amount of data involved; batch data refreshes and complex queries may take many hours; query speed can be improved by creating indexes |
| Queries | Relatively standardized and simple queries Returning relatively few records | Often complex queries involving aggregations |
| Space Requirements | Can be relatively small if historical data is archived | Larger due to the existence of aggregation structures and history data; requires more indexes than OLTP |
| Database Design | Highly normalized with many tables | Typically de-normalized with fewer tables; use of star and/or snowflake schemas |
| Backup and Recovery | Backup religiously; operational data is critical to run the business, data loss is likely to entail significant monetary loss and legal liability | Instead of regular backups, some environments may consider simply reloading the OLTP data as a recovery method. |
Source : http://datawarehouse4u.info/OLTP-vs-OLAP.html
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